@MrT10001 That seemed to be the issue, thanks! Not sure why the installer interpreted the phone as a different device, but all was OK once I unlocked again.
Additionally, for anyone else who might stumble upon this, I had a random Android emulator listed in ADB, which caused the installer to get confused and raise an error. This turned out to be a Native Instruments background service, for some reason. Following https://stackoverflow.com/a/33810103, I was able to remove it and continue the installation.