@arubislander I'm using waydroid. So do you think it might be an issue caused by waydroid?
My immediate reaction was "of course the phone wasn't running waydroid when it happened".
But currently I'm not that sure, as the only way to reliably reproduce the issue is to start waydroid and then start UBPorts camera app. After first video the camera stops working.

P.S. regarding sharing Pictures or Videos - I didn't setup sharing of those folders with waydroid. Pictures and Videos made on waydroid don't appear there.

@Salah

Suppose that I want to debug the issue - where should I start looking for? Where is the backend (camera driver + software) used by the camera app?

@fredldotme In case anyone still has important videos recorded with Pixel 3A + OTA23 (as I did), kept in case some solution to repair them is found, my script that fixes those videos is here:
https://forums.ubports.com/topic/10971/fixing-corrupted-videos-recorded-with-google-pixel-3a-ubports-ota23

I was looking for a solution how to fix videos corrupted during recording with Google Pixel 3A + UBPorts OTA23 (16.04). There was an issue described for example here:

Re: Video recording not working on Google Pixel 3a XL

which resulted with videos that had absurdly wrong FPS. I had videos that were 3 minutes long but appeared as 15 hours long. Sound was ok, but the video part was viewable about one hour later.

As the phone was used as daily driver (and still is but currently with Focal) I had some important videos recorded with it that I was very motivated to repair. I didn't find anything on the internet so here is a bash script that I created with help of chatgpt, that does the job (I wouldn't know about existence of MP4Box without chatgpt, obtaining a good result was much easier with that program than with ffmpeg):

#!/bin/bash
# Target FPS setting
FPS=29.97

# Create a directory for the fixed files
mkdir -p fixed

# Loop through all .mp4 files in the current directory
for file in *.mp4; do
    echo "Processing: $file"

    # Base name without extension
    base="${file%.*}"

    # Demux (extract) video and audio streams
    MP4Box -raw 1 "$file" -out "${base}_track1.h264"
    MP4Box -raw 2 "$file" -out "${base}_track2.aac"

    # Re-mux into a new MP4 with corrected FPS
    MP4Box -add "${base}_track1.h264:fps=$FPS" -add "${base}_track2.aac" -new "fixed/${base}_fixed.mp4"

    # Clean up temporary files
    rm -f "${base}_track1.h264" "${base}_track2.aac"

    echo "Done: ${base}_fixed.mp4"
done

echo "All files have been processed and saved in the 'fixed/' directory."

The synchronization of voice and picture is not ideal but for short videos it's ok.