Hello,
I used to use LineageOS on my Fairphone 4 without Google Play Services or the alternative MicroG.
I don't recall all the details, but the location service worked really well with the Fairphone 4 in this setup. If I remember correctly, the first location fix took some time, but after that it was very quick every time I opened the GPS application (first OrganicMap, then CoMap), and accurate enough to guide me while driving.
As I did not install Play Services, I think the Fairphone 4's hardware works well, and we should be able to leverage this to improve the location experience with Ubuntu Touch.
However, my experience with Ubuntu Touch today is that it's not reliable enough. I opened CoMap in Waydroid, stopping the Location Service in Ubuntu Touch to avoid conflicts. Then, after driving my car for about seven minutes and four kilometres, I finally got a location fix. Speed data became available much later, by which time I was already on the motorway. The location was not precise enough to guide me correctly at a crossroads.
I've checked the specifications of the location hardware again, and the Fairphone 4 seems to have all of these services available: GPS, A-GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo.
Does the Ubuntu Touch location service use all of these or only GPS? Do you think support for Galileo, for example, could improve the experience?