I'm afraid if you don't like the swipe gestures then Ubuntu Touch isn't for you. It won't change most likely ever. Many people actually like it. Not everyone uses their phone with one hand and some people have big enough hands to still use big phones nowadays with one hand.
It's not perfect though. Obviously, it can be improved such as adding an option to interchange the left and right edge functions. For one hand use, having a better way to go back in apps would be great. There's a lot of discussion about that already but nothing has come out of it yet. I personally have an experimental horizontal swipe at the bottom which I think works well but still not sure how well it'll work as a standard in UT.
About the keyboard, not sure why your experience is like that. Lomiri, the system UI, supports keyboard navigation. It literally exists on desktop distros now and quite usable. Bluetooth can be wonky though so it's probably that.